@article{Xiao2025351,
title = "Two-echelon drone–truck collaborative TSP-based routing for humanitarian logistics with time windows and stochastic demand",
journal = "Advances in Production Engineering & Management",
volume = "20",
number = "3",
pages = "351-368",
year = "2025",
note = "",
issn = "1854-6250",
doi = "https://doi.org/10.14743/apem2025.3.545",
url = "https://apem-journal.org/Archives/2025/Abstract-APEM20-3_351-368.html",
author = "Xiao N. and Lan H.",
keywords = "Humanitarian logistics",
keywords = "Two-echelon routing",
keywords = "Drone–vehicle collaboration",
keywords = "Stochastic demand",
keywords = "Time windows",
keywords = "Capacity constraint",
keywords = "Vehicle routing problem (VRP)",
keywords = "Travelling salesman problem (TSP)",
keywords = "Heuristic algorithm",
keywords = "Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)"
}