Advances in Production Engineering & Management
Volume 10 | Number 4 | December 2015 | pp 209–216
http://dx.doi.org/10.14743/apem2015.4.203
Permanent magnets for water-scale prevention
Lipus, L.C.; Hamler, A.; Ban, I.; Acko, B.
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A B S T R A C T
Anti-scale magnetic treatment (AMT) is discussed with the emphasis on the construction of magnetic devices and the mechanism of AMT influence on scale formation. Two field cases are reported of mineral-fouling reduction during water heating by using permanent magnets. Instead of hard encrustation on the heated surfaces a powdery deposit was formed because of modified crystal morphology (observed by X-ray powder diffractometry and scanning-electron microscopy). In order to find a proper design for magnets regarding the influencing parameters (a magnetic-field distribution with alternating lines orthogonal to the water-flow and minimal density peaks 0.2 T), cost-effective for actual water-flow capacities, several models with NdFeB magnets were simulated by the finite-element method using the OPERA 15R1 computational program. Two optimized models are presented for moderate capacities: a model with a rectangular gap (a two-row set of rectangular magnets) for capacities from 0.5 m3/h to 3 m3/h, and a model with annular gap (annular magnets on a pipe and disk magnets within a cylindrical kernel) for 3.5 m3/h to 5.5 m3/h.
A R T I C L E I N F O
Keywords • Scale control, Calcium carbonate, Magnetic water treatment, Permanent magnets, Modelling
Corresponding author • Lipus, L.C.
Article history • Received 30 January 2015, Revised 16 November 2015, Accepted 20 November 2015
Published on-line • 7 December 2015
E X P O R T C I T A T I O N
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